![]() ![]() Payeer has an affiliate program that encourages users to bring in new individuals through personal reviews and opinions.The prices charged for the transactions are based upon the asset itself and are generally the same for individuals as well as businesses.Payeer provides digital solutions for individuals as well as businesses, and this is one of the advantages that has led to significant growth of the platform over the past few years since its inception.Payeer is also a registered cryptocurrency exchange where individuals can trade crypto from various blockchains and store them directly in the top crypto wallets of the platform.Payeer charges low fees compared to some of its competition although Payeer can be regarded as an undisputed platform for its list of supported payment methods and scale of operation.Payeer is an electronic/ digital wallet that enables users to store a diverse array of digital assets, including fiat and cryptocurrencies.The diversity of options for making payments or adding funds to the wallet is a welcome environment for individuals who might be on the verge of selecting it as their primary electronic wallet. The platform has also launched an impressive list of additional support features, including withdrawal to Mastercard, Maestro, etc. These include the trade of cryptocurrencies from various blockchains, storage of assets, and quick payment methods from the Payeer payment system to fiat currencies. Payeer offers a long list of functionalities that have been able to get the platform positive reviews consistently. Payeer is primarily a digital wallet for fiat and crypto assets and is also a cryptocurrency exchange. A Payeer customer can take advantage of the platform’s plethora of services and functionalities. Several features may be unavailable in some countries.One such platform is Payeer. Your wallet on all your devices: iPhone, iPad, iPod.Secure online purchase via free virtual Visa card.QIWI Visa Plastic card for offline payments in shops and cafés from the wallet balance.Loans: Sberbank, Alfa Bank, Home Credit, VTB and other Russian banks service with no queues. Social services: traffic fines, parking, school meal & extra education, taxes, Troika card top up etc. Regular invoices: communal services, gaz, electricity, commercial TV, digital & landline phone and other city services. Nearest QIWI Terminals and other top up points on map.Įntertainment: games, digital content, online shopping, cinema, booking and more.įast money transfers: between wallets, to bank accounts and cards, to Yandex.Money and Webmoney, via money transfer systems like CONTACT and Western Union.Save templates of your payments and money transfers. ![]() We provide special offers for Beeline, MegaFon & Tele2 customers. Pay for everyday services with minimal fee using your phone balance. ![]() You may also top up the wallet with less fee using your phone balance.
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We gather together to celebrate the promise of justice for all. In a world filled with tyranny and oppression, We gather together to celebrate the promise of peace. ~ prepared by a Christian, a Jew, and a Muslim (August, 1990). From A Collection of Prayers for Peace, posted on the World Council of Churches website. To find joy and strength not in the strident call to arms Have children for whom they have the same high hopes as we do. That thoughtfulness and tenderness are marks of the strong. Teach us that restraint is the highest expression of power Save us from weak resignation to violence Posted on Glocal Christianity: the blog of Matt Stone. ~ written by Jack Knox, pastor of Salem (Oregon) Mennonite Church. Give us the courage, the patience, the serenity, the self-honesty and the gentleness of spirit that are needed in a world filled with turmoil and terror. Increase our compassion, our generosity and our hospitality for the least of your children. Walk with us, Lord, as we answer your call to be peacemakers. When we tell ourselves that we have given all we can to bring peace to this world, help us to remember your sacrifice…, and give us the miracle of losing a little more of ourselves in serving you and our neighbors. ![]() When we feel ourselves fill with anger at those who are violent and oppressive, help us remember that you prayed for those who killed you…, and give us compassion for our enemies, too. When fear of the power and opinions of others tempts us not to speak up for the least among us, help us to remember that you dared to turn over the tables of money changers…, and give us the courage to risk following you without counting the cost. When the injustice of this world seems too much for us to handle, help us to remember that you fed five thousand people with only five loaves of bread and two fish…, and give us hope that what we have to offer will turn out to be enough, too. When our hearts ache for the victims of war and oppression, help us to remember that you healed people simply by touching them…, and give us faith in our ability to comfort and heal bodies and minds and spirits that have been broken by violence. Gracious Lord, we dream of a world free of poverty and oppression, and we yearn for a world free of vengeance and violence. ~ Copyright © John Birch, posted on Faith and Worship–Prayers and Resources. Posted on the website of the Stillpoint Spirituality Centre. ~ written by Ann Siddall, in Lent to Easter liturgies: Year C. In the sacred work of envisioning new wholeness,Īnd bringing people and nations together. Reconciling Christ, bless us and bless all who engage Politicians, world leaders, leaders of business,Īnd those who stand in the midst of bitter conflict. That our security is not threatened if we change our minds,īless those who are called to reconcile on a large-scale – Grant that we may be so grounded in your love, Giving and expecting respect, moving from prayer to action, Help us to conduct ourselves with dignity, Which can lead to healing and forgiveness. Give us the grace to be able to stand in the middle of situations,Īnd to be a conduit for the deep listening Give us the strength to persevere without counting the hurts,Īnd to find within ourselves the capacity to keep on loving. Reconciling Christ, bless our efforts to bring about reconciliation. ~ written by Gord Waldie and posted on Worship Offerings. Let there be Peace on Earth and let it begin with us! May we catch a vision of how the world could live together. May we be re-committed to being people of Peace, true peace. To find a different path through the disagreements of life in this world. Open our eyes and the eyes of the nations God our help in ages past, our hope for years to come. We come before you God, praying with all our hearts: ![]() On this day of hope in the face of terror, We come before you God, seeking Your peace. On this day when the guns once fell silent, We remember the past and look to the future. ![]() On this day of memory we gather to sing and to pray, Soon you’ll reach Mount Falcon’s summit and the tower viewing platform. Continue on Tower Trail, and you’ll soon find another incredible highlight-a large picnic shelter with a balcony and panorama of distant peaks.īeyond there, the trail gets narrower and steeper, but the climb is brief. Take the side trail at a small pavilion shelter for an even better vantage from a rock outcrop. From a treeless burn area, you can see way down the valley below and across to the mountain’s summit. 21.Castle Trail is a wide and mostly flat dirt path. No guarantee, warranty or representation of any kind is made regarding the completeness or accuracy of descriptions or measurements (including square footage measurements and property condition), such should be independently verified, and Compass expressly disclaims any liability in connection therewith. ![]() and/or other countries.Ĭorporate Responsibility, Privacy & Legal Notices: Compass is a licensed real estate broker, licensed to do business as Compass RE in Delaware, Idaho, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Tennessee, Compass Real Estate in Washington, DC, Wyoming and Idaho, Compass Realty Group in Missouri and Kansas, and Compass South Carolina LLC in South Carolina. For the avoidance of doubt, the accuracy of all information, regardless of source, is deemed reliable but not guaranteed and should be personally verified through personal inspection by and/or with the appropriate professionals.ĭo Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, Terms of Service, Privacy Center, Scam Avoidance, Responsible Disclosure, Compass is an E-Verify employer, Notice for California Applicants, California COVID-19 Rules of Entry, and Your CA Privacy RightsĬOMPASS, the Compass logo, and other various trademarks, logos, designs, and slogans are the registered and unregistered trademarks of Compass, Inc. This web site may reference real estate listing(s) held by a brokerage firm other than the broker and/or agent who owns this web site. Property information referenced on this web site comes from the Internet Data Exchange (IDX) program of the MLS. Any dissemination of this information is in violation of copyright laws and is strictly prohibited. The data contained herein is copyrighted by REColorado, Summit MLS Inc (a wholly owned subsidiary of Summit Association of REALTORS), Pikes Peak Association of Realtors, IRES, Grand Junction Area REALTOR, CREN, Vail Board of REALTORS and Grand County Board of REALTORS is protected by all applicable copyright laws. ![]() Information being provided is for the visitor’s personal, noncommercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties visitor may be interested in purchasing. ![]() Listing Courtesy of RE/MAX Masters Millennium, Dustin Wagerīased on information from one of the following Multiple Listing Services: REColorado, Summit MLS Inc (a wholly owned subsidiary of Summit Association of REALTORS), Pikes Peak Association of Realtors, IRES, Grand Junction Area REALTOR, CREN, Vail Board of REALTORS and Grand County Board of REALTORS. Photos may be virtually staged or digitally enhanced and may not reflect actual property conditions. See The HTML autocomplete attribute for more about the autocomplete field names and how autocomplete works. Each form control within new-entry's Document that has autocomplete configured with its autofill field name set to off is reset.If new-entry has a different Document object than current-entry, the browsing context is updated so that its document property refers to the document referred to by new-entry, and the context's name is updated to match the context name of the now-current document.The entry is now said to have "persisted user state." This information the browser might add to the history session entry may include, for instance, the document's scroll position, the values of form inputs, and other such data. ![]() If the browser has state information it wishes to store with the current-entry before navigating away from it, it then does so.If current-entry's title wasn't set using one of the History API methods ( pushState() or replaceState()), set the entry's title to the string returned by its document.title attribute.This will eventually send events such as DOMContentLoaded and load to the Window containing the document, but the steps below will continue to execute in the meantime. If new-entry doesn't currently contain an existing Document, fetch the content and create its Document before continuing.The current page's session history stack entry will be referred to as current-entry. Here, the transition is changing the current history entry to one we'll refer to as new-entry. To better understand when the popstate event is fired, consider this simplified sequence of events that occurs when the current history entry changes due to either the user navigating the site or the history being traversed programmatically. It happens after the new location has loaded (if needed), displayed, made visible, and so on - after the pageshow event is sent, but before the persisted user state information is restored and the hashchange event is sent. When a navigation occurs - either due to the user triggering the browser's Back button or otherwise - the popstate event is near the end of the process to navigate to the new location. This section describes the steps that browsers follow in the cases where they do potentially fire the popstate event (that is, in the cases where the page has been interacted with). ![]() It's important to first understand that - to combat unwanted pop-ups - browsers may not fire the popstate event at all unless the page has been interacted with.
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Choose a jute rug if you're looking for something that is strong and sure to last, even in well-used spaces like the living room. ![]() See more ideas about dash and albert rugs, dash and albert, rugs. Rug Care: Regular vacuuming and the occasional gentle shake will keep your Dash and Albert rug in beautiful condition. Dash & Albert Herringbone Dove Grey Cotton Rug 121 x 182cm. Denim Rag Diamond Ivory Cotton Woven Rug Runner 76 x 243cm. Dash & Albert Catamaran Stripe Black & Ivory Indoor/Outdoor Rug 76 x 243cm. Style for Every Home Welcome the season with all-new rugs. Explore Wendy Ditcham Interiorss board 'Dash and Albert Rugs', followed by 485 people on Pinterest. Dash & Albert Marled Grey Cotton Woven Rug 182 x 274cm. ![]() We’re the perfect personality-packed solution for all of your floor-covering needs. Meanwhile, our polypropylene and PET indoor outdoor rugs are just right for high-traffic areas like stairs or even outdoor spaces such as the deck or patio. 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Over the years, the mill has been transformed into a dynamic space that now houses over 100 resident artists and collectives. “We are creative artists and community-led and want to stay cheap and available, but we also have to show sustainability and professionalism. “It is really hard to say how much you need help, whilst also demonstrating that you are viable and reliable. “Meanwhile the public funding sector demands that you prove your worth against every other priority in the city. I had also been looking to find a partner or someone with money and skills, but they always want to do things in their money-making model, which usually involves making flats. “Raising the money was the biggest challenge. “Once you get into the realms of planning permissions and scaffolding and large contracts there becomes a point where you either have to do it all with lots of cash or not bother. “The building needed a massive cash injection of £ 100k Several hundreds of thousands to make a difference. “Money made was put back into doing more events and keeping rents cheap for artists. ![]() “But those that did come always had a special time. ![]() ![]() “We didn’t make any money on the events, because we paid artists and staff to run the events, our drinks were cheap, our hours were long, and often promoters would know that to do an event at the mill, maybe about 25% of the crowd who might go out if it was in the centre, would just not make it out to Salford, so some amazing nights only got a portion of the crowd they deserved. “The entire top floor had never been able to be used as it was full of buckets that we would have to run around and empty whenever there was a major storm. “And now they host an annual Sounds from The Other City every year.” Buying the Islington MillĪfter several years of trying every available avenue to borrow or raise money, In 2000 they reached a significant milestone.īy using high-interest and risky bridging finance, Bill was able to purchase the entire listed building, initiating a gradual renovation process, which would end up taking a long time to complete.Ī long time, in that it has only just been completed this year.īill said: “The biggest challenge was that the building needed a major overhaul, the roof leaked, windows were single-glazed and rotting, and there wasn’t a lift. “Morry and Mark inspired by the spaces we had used for exhibitions along Chapel Street reimagined this idea as a music festival. “It was when I met Morry who 18 years later would become my husband and his brother Mark that the worlds of art and music collided. “We would do an opening with a bit of cheap red wine and then all go down the pub. They said: “I first invited established artists and new graduates to make exhibitions and we did week-long festivals using all kinds of venues up and down the street to install 100 artist work in unusual or site-specific places. We sat down to talk with Bill, who talked us through the mill’s earnest beginnings. The story of the Islington Mill began in 1998 when Bill Campbell arrived at the mill, renting a studio space in the building that captured his imagination. However, the road to where they are has not been a smooth one. Islington Mill has become one of Salford‘s leading cultural institutions, hosting over 5000 artists from 35 countries and attracting more than 15,000 visitors annually. With a rich history and dedication to artistic empowerment, Islington Mill has become a shining staple community project that is driving innovation and artistic collaboration in the city. What was once a partially abandoned mill has been transformed into a thriving arts hub, providing a nurturing environment for Manchester’s artistic community to flourish. ![]() “Best All In One Printer” and “the easiest printer you’ve ever had to set up” from Wirecutter. ![]() My HP RewardsĪmerica’s most trusted printer brand: Based on 2022 semi-annual internal brand surveys commissioned by HP. HP Rewards qualifying and eligible products/purchases are defined as those from the following categories: Printers, Business PCs (Elite, Pro and Workstation brands), select Business Accessories and select Ink, Toner & Paper. ISP fees may apply and additional requirements may apply over time for updates. ![]() High speed internet and Microsoft account required. Windows is automatically updated and enabled. Systems may require upgraded and/or separately purchased hardware, drivers, software or BIOS update to take full advantage of Windows functionality. Not all features are available in all editions or versions of Windows. Bill Me Later will use that data under its privacy policy. HP will transfer your name and address information, IP address, products ordered and associated costs and other personal information related to processing your application to Bill Me Later®. Service not available holidays and weekends. On-site services provided only if issue can't be corrected remotely. Customer may be required to run system self-test programs or correct reported faults by following advice given over phone. Need for in-home service is determined by HP support representative. In-home warranty is available only on select customizable HP desktop PCs. Ultrabook, Celeron, Celeron Inside, Core Inside, Intel, Intel Logo, Intel Atom, Intel Atom Inside, Intel Core, Intel Inside, Intel Inside Logo, Intel vPro, Intel Evo, Itanium, Itanium Inside, Pentium, Pentium Inside, vPro Inside, Xeon, Xeon Phi, Xeon Inside, Intel Agilex, Arria, Cyclone, Movidius, eASIC, Enpirion, Iris, MAX, Intel RealSense, Stratix, and Intel Optane are trademarks of Intel Corporation or its subsidiaries. For more information about Microsoft’s support, please see Microsoft’s Support Lifecycle FAQ at The following applies to HP systems with Intel 6th Gen and other future-generation processors on systems shipping with Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1 or Windows 10 Pro systems downgraded to Windows 7 Professional, Windows 8 Pro, or Windows 8.1: This version of Windows running with the processor or chipsets used in this system has limited support from Microsoft. Discounted or promotional pricing is indicated by the presence of an additional higher MSRP strike-through price. HP’s MSRP price is shown as either a stand-alone price or as a strike-through price with a discounted or promotional price also listed. Contract and volume customers not eligible. Orders that do not comply with HP.com terms, conditions, and limitations may be cancelled. Items sold by HP.com are not for immediate resale. These terms apply only to products sold by HP.com reseller offers may vary. Correct prices and promotions are validated at the time your order is placed. Despite our best efforts, a small number of items may contain pricing, typography, or photography errors. Quantity limits may apply to orders, including orders for discounted and promotional items. Price protection, price matching or price guarantees do not apply to Intra-day, Daily Deals or limited-time promotions. Prices, specifications, availability and terms of offers may change without notice. We greatly value your business and appreciate your ongoing patience as we work to get your order to you. We will send updates by email as soon as they are available. You may check your order status via our Track My Order page ( Click Here to log in). Our website reflects current product availability but circumstances are dynamic. We are working to meet the current extraordinary customer demand for our products. I have also the Berlin I, a great bag, bigger and heavier than the Bowery, but I don't like the front zipped pocket, which is too tight and it's not comfortable to use (for example, the little pockets for sd cards are definitely useless). Therefore I sold it and I bought the smoke canvas Bowery and it suits my needs perfectly: it is very light and I can stuff even more gear in it because the canvas is not that stiff as the leather. I really love this bag, but with use I realised that the leather makes it obviously heavier and less "elastic" than the canvas one. Even though it is so small and compact I could carry in it my XPro1 with 18mm, 35mm and 60mm, spare batteries, a cloth, some personal items and my iPad mini in the back pocket. I bought the leather Ona Bowery about three years ago and it's a beautiful bag (it's better to treat the leather with a special leather cream or grease because the it is too "dry" and cream makes it supple and a little bit more water resistant). I knew it would darken as it aged, where the black would most likely fade, and in the end that's what pushed my decision toward the Tan. It's a great bag, but I really liked the natural look of the Tan. The black, although it looks charcoal on the web is actually a truer black, with a nice leather on it. I really like the black, but the grey didn't appeal to me at all. I've also looked at the black and the Grey in person. They can attest to the craftsmanship of the leatherwork for you, but you can't go wrong with an Ona period. I know there are some here that have the leather Prince and other Leather Ona Bags. The leather on the Brixton is darker and more supple, but I don't know if that's because it's more expensive, or if that's just how leather is. The tan on both bags is slightly different. It's much bigger then it looks when you start placing your gear. Before I got the X70, I carried the Pro-1 with 35 (w/o hood), XT-1 with 14, and the 60 all in the Bowery with some cleaning bits, two extra batteries in a pocket, another battery in a reloader on the strap, and a couple of extra cards and some Sunscreen in the end pockets. I loved this one so much, I bought a Brixton (also in the tan) for daily use, riding the motorcycle and carrying my laptop to and from work along with my camera gear.Ĭurrently, I'm carrying the Pro-1 with 35 ƒ1.4 (hood attached) along with my X70. I'm guessing the leather is an awesome bag, but I love the canvas. After using it for over a year, it's just now getting broken in. Is the canvas easier to use ? Which colors did you choose and what do you think? Do you guys have any opinions who have them. I can't seem to find any reviews on comparing the leather vs canvas versions. ![]() The strap has brass swivel snaps, so you can detach it when you want to place the bag within a larger container or case.Hi I am going up to street foto and San Fran and need a good bag for my trip and workshops. Your smartphone, lens caps, memory cards, or camera batteries can be accessed quickly from the bag's spacious rear slip pocket.Ī long strap provides the ability to wear the Bond Street Waxed Canvas Camera Bag over your shoulder or cross-body. ![]() ![]() Secure the contents with the front flap which has a sturdy brass buckle and a tuck lock. With or without that insert, the Bond Street bag can also be used as a compact messenger bag. ![]() A touch-tab divider can be adjusted to create two interior sections of equal or varying lengths. For impact and shock protection the bag has a padded non-scratch interior with closed-cell foam. The Bond Street Waxed Canvas Camera Bag in olive from ONA is a stylish carrying option that can accommodate a mirrorless camera with one or two lenses and additional personal items. ONA Bond Street Waxed Canvas Camera Bag (Olive) ![]() You should end up with a bow-tie shape, check image below for reference. Insert your index finger and thumb from both hands in the loop and twist the loop with the fingers on one hand 4 to 5 times. Take a piece of sewing thread about 11 inches long and tied at the ends to make a loop. If this is your first time threading your brows at home, take it slow and don’t rush. This is the most common way of shaping eyebrows which can also be done at home. All you have to do is pick your method and get on with the task and in no time your job of eyebrow shaping at home is completed. Well wondering about how shaping eyebrows at home can be a hectic job? You don’t have to think anymore as here’s a step by step guide into shaping different eyebrow shapes at home in different ways. Image courtesy: Pinterest Different Ways to Shape Your Eyebrows Middle: Pivot the pencil from the side of your nose, to find the midpoint or arch of your eyebrow.Įnd: Finally angle the pencil from the side of your nose to the outer corner of your eye to find the tail of your eyebrows. ![]() Start: Begin by placing your brow pencil vertically at the middle of each nostril and then mark the starting spot of your eyebrows. This will make the process so much easier. ![]() Whether you’re just cleaning out excess hair or shaping different eyebrow shapes to suit your face, it’s important to identify the three key parts of your eyebrow pencil and mark them with your brow pencil. Image courtesy - Pinterest What’s Brow Mapping This face shapes are lucky one to try out any eyebrow shapeĭiamond face shape looks with balanced straight brows. Soft or high arches will define the face shape Long faces look great with straight eyebrow and extended tail Hence, once you know what e yebrow shapes suit your face at best it will be easy for you to begin. If you are feeling a bit confident, you can take into consideration your face shape and the shape of your brows.The best thing about knowing multiple eyebrow shapes that can suit you, is that it will bring out the, is that it will bring out the best and will highlight your eye sets beautifully. The first step to achieving perfect brows is finding the right shape but if you’re a beginner, it’s ideal to work with the natural shape of your brows and focus on only cleaning. If you have been desperately searching for tutorials on how to shape eyebrows for beginners you’re in luck 'cause we’re here to help and guide you through this process so that you’ll end up with eyebrows that will surely have you wondering why you ever went to the salon in the first place. All you need to do is just learn the correct methods and techniques to clean up your brows. If you were thinking about how to shape eyebrows for different eyebrow shapes? Know that it is possible and you can do it. Not that there's anything wrong with full-grown lush brows but just in case you like them regularly trimmed, here’s the thing: perfectly shaped and groomed eyebrows are easy to achieve even from the comfort of your own home. Being at home during the lockdown and taking care of our eyebrows is a heavy task as your brows have probably reached their full potential and it must surely be giving you some flashbacks to your pre-waxing/threading days. ![]() The goal of this case report is not only to discuss and review throwers’ fractures in cases seen by the authors and in the literature but also to highlight the existence of prodromal symptoms that may suggest an underlying preceding stress fracture. Although some thrower’s fractures overlap with Holstein-Lewis fractures with respect to fracture pattern and location, most are involved at the middle and distal third junction with a corresponding butterfly fragment. Holstein-Lewis fractures are classically described as distal third spiral humerus fractures with concomitant radial nerve palsy. This finding is consistent with the incidence of radial nerve palsies associated specifically with thrower’s fractures reported in the literature. Radial nerve palsies associated with humeral shaft fractures occur with an overall incidence of 5% to 11%, and increase in probability with more distal and spiral patterned fractures. Kaplan and colleagues also found that, in conjunction with the torsional force on the humerus, improper and uncoordinated throwing techniques, especially over time, can contribute to the likelihood of nontraumatic humeral fractures during a throwing motion, particularly during irregularly occurring athletic outings. These rotational forces at the distal humerus are most consistent with mid to distal third spiral humerus fractures with concomitant medial butterfly fracture fragments. ![]() This torque occurs because the internal rotators of the shoulder and the humerus, primarily the subscapularis, latissimus dorsi, and pectoral major, initiate the internal rotation about the shoulder and proximal humerus before the distal humerus, thus allowing the distal humerus to continue to externally rotate momentarily with respect to the proximal humerus, secondary to a combination of the forearm, hand, and throwing object momentum at the transition of late cocking and early acceleration. Recent kinematic studies have highlighted the differential rotational force occurring proximally and distally, resulting in a midshaft torque experienced greatest during maximal external rotation. During early acceleration there is a transition from external rotation to internal rotation at the shoulder and extension at the elbow whereby the greatest amount of torsional force in the distal humerus is experienced. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 1996 5(5):349 with permission.)ĭuring throwing, the elbow and shoulder are brought into extreme external rotation with subsequent valgus positioning of the elbow, greatest in the late cocking phase. Dynamic stability of the elbow: electromyographic analysis of the flexor pronator group and the extensor group in pitchers with valgus instability. ( From Hamilton CD, Glousman RE, Jobe FW, et al. However, most thrower’s fractures are spiral in nature and located distal to the insertion of these muscle groups. Furthermore, Hennigan and colleagues attributed the occurrence of fracture during the deceleration phase of throwing to eccentric muscular contraction. The antagonistic actions of the deltoid muscle and the coracobrachialis muscle during throwing were originally implicated in humeral shaft fractures in previous case studies. The activities of various muscle groups have been cited as principal factors contributing to throwers’ fractures. Historically, thrower’s fractures have primarily occurred during the cocking and acceleration phases of the throwing action. The action of throwing can be broken down into 6 phases: wind-up, stride, arm cocking, arm acceleration, and follow-through ( Fig. 1 ). ![]() Simultaneous kinematic changes at the shoulder and elbow contribute to the torsional forces inflicted on the humerus throughout the throwing phase. The primary movements about the elbow joint include flexion, internal and external rotation, extension, and joint compression. The primary movements about the shoulder include shoulder abduction, horizontal adduction, and external and internal rotation. Throwing is a complex motion that involves multiple muscle groups and forces acting synergistically and antagonistically on the humerus. ![]() Nontraumatic upper extremity fractures related to throwing motions are reported less frequently in the literature, and controversy exists surrounding the cause and mechanism of injury. Most humeral shaft fractures are caused by a traumatic event. |
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